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Tutorial: 3D Digitizing a Human Head  by Mitch Gates*    - Page 3

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Textures were based on photographs of my face taken with a 35mm camera and lit to be very flat with a little shading and highlights as possible (a light application of face powder helps with hotspots). We took shots from the front, both sides, back, as well as close-ups of the teeth/gums, tongue and eyes. These were developed and scanned into the computer at 300 dpi. Photoshop was used to do serious color correction and retouching. Extensive use of the Burn, Dodge and Clone tools were needed to get a satisfactory color map. Careful attention was paid to the removal of any internal shading in the image, and the areas around the eyes, teeth, hairline, etc. were cloned out to prevent these areas from showing of the "flesh" of the mesh. Four main skin color maps were created: Front, Left, Right and Back....as well as an additional "shoulder skin" map to cover a gap at the bottom edge of the neck due to poor planning of the mapping and maps. This was easier to do than to re-plot all of the Texturizer points to allow for a new "Front" map with an extended shoulder area. It would not be an issue with standard 3ds max mapping.  Each color map was then converted to grayscale to create their respective bump maps. More use of the Dodge and Burn tools, as well as some color correction were needed to get the bump maps looking right. These were duplicated again and altered further to create shininess maps. Any areas of the face that are normally more shiny or oily were made lighter, and less shiny areas made darker. 

Mask maps were created to properly blend the textures together in the material. I made grayscale mask maps for the side (both sides share the same mask), back and shoulder maps. These were saved as separate maps instead of embedded alphas since so may maps would use the same mask. Not only did this save memory in 3ds max, it allowed quick update of the masks without having to fix and save the alpha of every texture map. Texture maps for the eyes, gums, teeth, and tongue were created in pretty much the same way.

* - revised for currency and clarity

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